Curculionidae is a widespread bark beetle in eurasia. Miller 3 christian stauffer 1 abstract pityogenes chalcographus is one of the major pests in eurasian spruce stands. Crossing experiments performed in the mid 1970ies showed differences in reproductive compatibility when insects from various geographic origins were mated. Effect of the foliage of different pine species on the development and on the oviposition of the pine sawfly diprion pini l. In this study we tested whether pityogenes chalcographus l. Usually, this beetle infests weakened hosts, for example, trees damaged by wind or snow, or after logging operations. Reproductive incompatibility in pityogenes chalcographus. Biology and chemical ecology of pityogenes chalcographus coleoptera. Using semiochemicals for coleopterean pests in sustainable.
Adults and propagative juveniles of the nematode are found in larval galleries of the sixtoothed spruce bark beetle, pityogenes chalcographus, while its dauer juveniles aggregate in malpighian tubules of older larvae, pupae and adult beetles. This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Pityogenes chalcographus sixtoothed spruce bark beetls. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Beetle colonisation tests on breeding logs resulted in 93. As both species are comparable in biology, life history, and habitat, including sharing the same host, picea abies, they provide. The pherobase is the world largest database of behaviour modifying chemicals and much more valuable resources in chemistry and biology. Pityogenes chalcographus was the most frequently intercepted, and i. Divergent evolutionary histories of two sympatric spruce bark beetle species. For the first time, a synthesis on the research work done in europe on all bark and wood boring insects in living trees bawbilt is presented.
As the stem continues to increase in diameter, the older i. It infests several conifer species, with norway spruce, picea abies l. Sympatric occurrence of diverged mtdna lineages of pityogenes chalcographus coleoptera, scolytinae in europe article pdf available in biological journal of the linnean society 942. As final product of a fouryear research project gathering together 100 scientists from 24 countries, the book is the fruit of a real collective synthesis in which all european specialists have participated. Pityogenes chalcographus a beetle of the family scolytidae bark beetles. Chemical compounds involved in plant defense can act in several facts. The proposed algorithm was inspired by the aggregation behavior of pityogenes chalcographus coleoptera, scolytinae, also known as sixtoothed spruce bark beetle. The beetle develops in the thin bark and sapwood of young, slender, and enfeebled conifers. Crossing experiments performed in the mid1970s suggested. Norway spruce is the preferred host but fir, douglasfir, pine and other spruce species are also be attacked. This page was last edited on 15 november 2016, at 01. Adw doesnt cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe.
Pityogenes chalcographus prefers thinbarked parts of trees, such as upper parts of the trunk or branches. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. On use of a new chiral separating phase, complexation gas chromatography effectively resolved the synthetic aggregation pheromone of pityogenes chalcographus on a nickel ii bisr. The six toothed bark beetle, pityogenes chalcographus l. Dendroctonus ponderosae poses the most recent example having destroyed almost 100,000 km2 of conifer forests in north america. Pityogenes chalcographus linnaeus, 1761 references edit arthofer, w. National institutes of health the european molecular biology laboratory state secretariat for education. Divergent evolutionary histories of two sympatric spruce. Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogenetics of bark beetles.
Structureactivity studies on aggregation pheromone components ofpityogenes chalcographus coleoptera. Together with storm events, bark beetle outbreaks are thought by some to be one of the most important natural disturbances in this region. Access to the pherobase require registration, please register to have immediate access and avoid this delay. Apennines as a cryptic pleistocene refugium of the bark. Social biology of the neotropical wasp mischocyttarus.
Scolytidae all stereoisomers of chalcogran and methyl 2,4decadienoate john a. Ein beitrag zur fortpflanzungsbiologie des borkenkafers pityogenes chalcographus l article in journal of applied entomology 152. Pheromones and semiochemicals of pityogenes chalcographus. Reproductive manipulators in the bark beetle pityogenes. Pitfalls in applying mitochondrial markers onto the. Turner and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Although often specific to a tree genus or species, some bark beetles are polyphagous and have the ability to switch on to new hosts and extend their host range i. Ips typographus and pityogenes chalcographus are two sympatric palearctic bark beetle species with wide distribution ranges. Pityogenes chalcographus was a target species in the original ewbbb national survey manual. The potential use of such incompatibility which was physical, not behavioural for biological control is.
Observations on the biology and the distribution are presented and discussed. Social biology of the neotropical wasp mischocyttarus drewseni bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology jeanne, robert l on. This monograph, a set of 2 volumes places greater emphasis on the biology, behavior, and evolution of the gallinducing arthropod and of associated organisms. The smaller european spruce bark beetle or sixspined spruce bark beetle is represented in the picture at left. Pity beetle algorithm a new metaheuristic inspired by. Pleistocene climate cycling and host plant association.
Mitochondrial phylogenies in the light of pseudogenes and wolbachia. Ips typographus, pityophthorus micrographus, polygraphus poligraphus, and tomicus piniperda. Pityogenes chalcographus is an oligophagous bark beetle, feeding in tree species of a few genera within the plant family pinaceae 6, and host specialization has also been proposed to drive population differentiation. Bulletin volume 164166 new york state museum of history on. Orientation of bark beetles pityogenes chalcographus and ips. Pitfalls in applying mitochondrial markers onto the scolytid species pityogenes chalcographus wolfgang arthofer 1 dimitrios n.
Angewandte chemie international edition in english. Sympatric occurrence of diverged mtdna lineages of pityogenes. Phylogeographic analysis of european pityogenes chalcographus populations revealed a deep genetic structure between the most diverged haplotypes with three major clades and an estimated divergence time of 100,000 years before present avtzis et al. In this paper we study one of the most important bark beetles of spruce, namely the sixspined spruce bark beetle pityogenes chalcographus l. The significance of lenticels for successful pityogenes. Pityogenes chalcographus linnaeus, 1758 is a significant pest of young spruce stands up to the age of about 20 years. Ecology and management of the spruce bark beetle ips. Reproductive incompatibility in pityogenes chalcographus a. Only 16 species of earlyarriving saproxylic beetles were found. State regulated list this map identifies those states that list this species on their regulated list.
The cork cambium also undergoes anticlinal divisions to increase in circumference. The seasonal development of physiological features underlying gradual acquisition of relatively high cold tolerance in overwintering adults of the bark beetles, pityogenes chalcographus was described. It often occurs together with ips typographus and infests the upper part of trees, while i. Pityogenes chalcographus is one of the major pests in eurasian spruce stands and, besides others, the beetles ability to aggregate facilitates periodical mass outbreaks. Pityogenes is a genus of typical bark beetles in the family curculionidae. There are more than 30 described species in pityogenes.
Influence on egg laying and interspecific variability of some active secondary compounds. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers for analyzing the. Some spiroacetals are insect pheromones 2s,5r2ethyl1,6dioxaspiro4. The results indicate that the shaded and fairly uniform logging residues from thinning are probably of minor importance for the conservation of saproxylic beetles, but their presence might increase the risk of certain pest outbreaks particularly, pityogenes chalcographus.
Isolation of pheromone synergists of a bark beetles, pityogenes chalcographus, from complex insectplant odors by fractionation and subtractivecombination bioassay. Sixtoothed spruce bark beetle pityogenes chalcographus sixtoothed spruce bark beetle pityogenes chalcographus is an insect pest. Here for the first time, distinguished physiologists and paleontologists combine talents to examine the ecology and biology of mammallike reptiles from primitive reptile states through transition to mammals. Isolation of pheromone synergists of bark beetle, pityogenes chalcographus, from complex insectplant odors by fractionation and subtractivecombination bioassay. Sixtoothed spruce bark beetle, pityogenes chalcographus. The new species is characterised by the body length of 719. The european spruce bark beetle has a significant impact on both the ecological and economic environment of norway spruce forests. Bark beetle species within the scolytid genera dendroctonus, ips, pityogenes and tomicus are known to cause extensive ecological and economical damage in spruce and pine forests during epidemic outbreaks all around the world. Aug 24, 2007 for the first time, a synthesis on the research work done in europe on all bark and wood boring insects in living trees bawbilt is presented. National institutes of health the european molecular biology laboratory state secretariat for education, research and innovation seri. Pityogenes chalcographus sixtoothed spruce bark beetle.
Prior to overwintering, the beetles accumulated carbohydrate reserves in the form of glycogen and trehalose. Pityogenes chalcographus coleoptera, scolytinae at the. Mitochondrial phylogenies in the light of pseudogenes and. The response of ips typographus, ips duplicatus and pityogenes chalcographus adults to combinations of their synthetic aggregation pheromones in field tests nicolai olenici, alexandra ispravnic, iulian danila, mihaileonard duduman, valentina olenici. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. This page was last edited on 18 february 2016, at 08. However, during drought periods, it can cause significant damages to young stands, and could become more aggressive wherever windthrown trees or large stocks of attractive logs are left in the forest. Scolytinae is a widely distributed pest in europe, infesting mainly norway spruce picea abies as well as other conifer species such as pinus sp. In that, separate plant species produce different chemical molecules. This species is of a high importance in young stands weakened by defoliators, where can occur and cause damage itself. The aim of the research was to determine the relationships between captured p. Sperm polyploidy by interpopulation hybridisation in. Herbivores can damage plant productivity and fitness because plants have improved defense mechanisms such as physical barriers, association with other organisms such as ants, and chemical defense.
Scolytinae was reported to express partial, unidirectional crossing incompatibilities among certain european. The occurrence of earlyarriving saproxylic beetles on. The cork cambium may initially arise in certain areas of the axis but eventually becomes continuous around the stem or root. Structureactivity studies on aggregation pheromone.
Chemical plant defense against herbivores intechopen. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. This beetle has the ability to infest large forest areas starting from a single brood colony, employing a strategy that is more or less common among the species of ipini tribe 22. Pityogenes chalcographus linnaeus, 1760 coleoptera. It is a native of europe and asia and was first detected in maryland in 2007. The first records in norway of pityogenes saalasi eggers. The book deals with the biology and ecology of acarines, hemipteroids, cole. Pityogenes chalcographus normally concentrates on weakened and unhealthy trees. Registration is free and will only take a few minutes.
Orientation of bark beetles pityogenes chalcographus and ips typographus to pheromone baited puddle traps placed in grids. The relationships between pityogenes chalcographus and. Laboratory studies were carried out in the german federal republic in which individuals from allopatric populations of the spruce pest pityogenes chalcographus l. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book without typos from the publisher. Eggers, 1914 coleoptera, curculionidae, scolytinae and notes on the biology. In a second step the resin canal system, which is important for defence against bark beetles, was investigated under lenticels and under lenticelfree periderm.
Isolation of pheromone synergists of a bark beetles. Ein beitrag zur fortpflanzungsbiologie des borkenkafers. Scolytidae the smaller european spruce bark beetle or sixspined spruce bark beetle is represented in the picture at left. Pityogenes chalcographus is an oligophagous bark beetle, feeding in tree species of a few genera within the plant family pinaceae 6, and host specialization has also been proposed to drive. Sitooted srce ar eete pityogenes chalcographus linnaeus coeotera 2 scoytinae sorting pityogenes chalcographus funnel traps should be sorted initially for the presence of beetles of the appropriate size color and shape. Distributor for products for forest insect pests in canada and us except colorado. Bark and wood boring insects in living trees in europe, a. The first bark beetles officially described as zoological species were four common european species listed in the 10th edition of linnes systema naturae linnaeus, 1758. Biology, ecology, and evolution of gallinducing arthropods. The animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. The results supported the hypothesis that such crosses can result in an increase in frequency of polyploid sperms in the f1. Predation can be a significant part of decreasing its population density. Molecular genetics of parasitic protozoa current communications in cell and molecular biology by mervyn j.
230 327 286 1305 702 599 681 9 348 449 835 1269 563 1022 393 333 1124 1391 308 1408 782 647 411 1315 662 428 1445 1480 1303 793 1105 626 838 836 1312 1258 814 1298 197 758